Water Pumping System For Rural Applicatio Engineering Essay

irrigate Pumping System For Rural Applicatio Engineering EssayWater accessibility is to a greater extent significant in present days .U.N i.e.united nation estimate it will take nearly further than $90 billion in arrangement to butt on the current world deficits for clean wet alone in 1980s Decade for pissing system moving forward in 1990s it was clear that crimson with huge amount of money needs of weewee of tens of millions of citizens will not be meet by the end of Decade . although problems in delivering water has identify for so many years . reasonable and easiest way is to divert rainfall i.e. water due to rain by a gravity flow bodily structure to the required site this process is not available in the world at least not on a regular or call for basis . which is not achievable . General process for many years .manual bosoming is been employ even though this tenderness need regular maintenance and it should be attended. Their use is crucial to supply water. Through go forth the world particularly for human consumption . This process is been selected by the U.N as the primary process in order to improve the supply of water. Pumping water from deep wells or moving water in large volume is not done very effectively by hand pump. It requires the use of mechanical powered pump .which is powered by engines or electric drive .powered engine strategys are supplying water to big communities all over the world. Infrastructure of these big communities can supply fuel and maintenance required by the engine. Solar powered system or process is also available in large amount in the world. Which is powered by P.V i.e.photovoltaic military or by wind generators . Photovoltaic system has established high reliability and lesser price as compare to another rule in a huge ground of finish.This report is well-nigh photovoltaic power pumping system in which it includes its installation including its simplicity of procurement and the required maintenance. Whi ch explain about their rising reputation it is useful for intermediate application for agriculture exigency and in small villages. This report gives a methodology in choosing the finest system forge for a particular purpose regularly a mixture of techniques can significantly reduce price and advance the dependability of a pumping system or make available of a flexible design in order to face a large range of application.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SOLAR POWERAdvantages The use of photovoltaic in solar systems accounts for long life previsionof the system (more than 20 years). Solar facilities operated with little maintenance or intervention after initialsetup. Solar power is pollution free. Solar electric coevals is sparingally competitive where grid connectionor fuel transportation is difficult, greetly or impossible e.g satellites, remotelocations, ocean vessels etc.Disadvantages P.V cells produce d.c which essential be converted to A.C before victimisation withA.C app liances To get enough cypher for applications, a larger number of P.V cells areneeded. This increases the cost. Solar cells are expensive, and require a large initial great whenpurchasing.Two typical ways of using solar water pump are as followUsing a battery by charging it with solar photovoltaic panel and with the help of that pump running the pump.Direct connecting between pump and the solar photovoltaic panel.Both this method also have their drawbacks which are as followMaking use of batteries by charging it by solar pump and than using it to run the pump that think we have to use two batteries while one is running at that time other one will be charging which makes it more costly.If we are connecting solar panel directly to the pump than the water will be pump besides during the sun glowing.IntroductionThe aim of this study work is to construct a solar based DC water pump which would be used in rural and isolated zones. There are ample amount of villages and towns who do no t have the privilege of possessing electric current supplies in their respective areas. By taking a look at the current scenario of our present economic choric. The solar water pumping system would be a benefited boon to the people. It not only saves the electricity but also in turn saves the wealth i.e. the capital. It is only easily available in the market but can be constructed as well.The development of the human kind has derived n number of methods of developing a water pump. The different sources of power used by people as a form of energy are as followHuman energy man power. fauna power cows, ox to pull out water.Hydro power at water dames and water bund.Wind power solar water heater, solar cooker, etc.Fuels much(prenominal) as diesel engine for small generator.The most common pumps used in the rural and isolated communities are hand pumps, borehole pump which are driven by fuel such as diesel, electric cuneusmersible pumps which are run by diesel generator last but not th e least solar pump pursuit are the different types of pumps with their advantages and disadvantagesAdvantageDisadvantageHand pumpCan be easily manufactured locallyEasy maintenanceLess capital costFuel cost home inTrouncing of human efficiencyRepeated and unproductive use of boreholeFlow rates are minimalAnimal powerPrevailing than humansSubordinate remuneration than human powerDung used as cooking fuelConstant food requirement to be met for animalRegularly abstracted to other actions at critical irrigation periodsHydraulic pumpNo supervision requiredFuel cost zeroEffortless to preserveStumpy expenditureLong lifeLofty consistencyInvolve precise location settingsLow outputWind pumpNo fuel requiredEasily manufactured locallyLong lifeNo supervision requiredEffortless to preserveWater has to be stored due to the scarcity of windHigh project planning and system design neededDifficult to installSolar P.VZero fuel costLong life 20 years approxEasily manufacture locallyMinimum maintenanceCa n be easily installedNo supervision requiredWater has to be cloudy stored for cloudy periodOften undergoes repairing skilled technicians requiredDiesel gasoline pumpEasily installedMinimal capital costUsed worldwideIt is man-portableFuel is expansiveHigh maintenanceShort lifeResult in noise fume pollutionAim Is to construct a solar water pump constituting P.V tramp .which would convert solar energy in to electrical energy as direct current DC.Application of solar water pumpsWater supply for rural and isolated areas.Livestock watering.Irrigation.Village and water supply is very dominating. Though there is a very high submit of water storage for the period of low solar radiation during rainy lenify this demands can be met by rain water harvesting .the main application of solar water pumping are for livestock watering mainly in the U.S and Australia .village water system and livestock watering are used in Africa where as solar water pumping for irrigation are mainly used in coun tries like India and china where expositor of sun are very good.TechnologyP.V pumps constituents of the following components the P.V array converts solar energy directly in to electricity as direct current DC .the pump is driven by an electric motor. All the different singularity of these components ought to be matched to get the efficient result the pump motor unit has its own optimum festinate and load depending on the type and the size of the pump. labourTwo types of motor is being able to use such as DC motor or the AC motor .inverter is required if we are using AC motor .which exist more broadly .inverters have become low cost and are well organized. Electronic controller frequency -variable inverter is used mainly in solar pumping system. By which panel and the pump linking can be optimise in order to maintain and due to the method or the system is fewer proficient batteries are also required for a usual AC motor system .The permanent magnet motor is slackly proficient for a DC motor and CD motors might contain carbon brushes .when the brushed DC motor is being made into use than in order to change brushes roughly around every two years equipment required to pull out of the well. design without brushes are present in which as a heir for commentators along with brushes electric circuits is use. The design without brush of DC motors needed electronic commutation which is being well liked in solar pumping system.Pump instanter are few type of different pump are in the bazaar which include.Piston pump in this pump before the output speculator movement of the pump draw water in a assembly room i.e.compartment.Thread screw pump in this pump water ejector seat is focused next to the screw in axial way. Starting from the opening to the way out for example cavity progressive pump, rotor helical pump, and mono pump. outward-moving pump in this pump impeller drive water for the exit with high revolving pace more or less near the border of the pump. In the se t of impeller situates an inlet from where the water is drawn.Following are the system configuration and the pumps optionPositive displacement helical pumpsSimilar specs of water relief passing as well as volume pressure positive displacement helical pump contains most excellent effectiveness with the least P.V panel. Their rotational speed is wretched. Inside a rubber covering a metallic helical rotor rotate .which is fit designed for greater head .during cloudy season mono solar pump is time consuming but due to its lowest speed water flow is continues not like centrifugal pump. submersed pump with motor mounted on the surfaceBenefit for this type of pump isMotor maintenance can be easily accessible bureau victims ( losses) is shortly effected in shaft bearingsInstallation prise of the pump is high which is its disadvantage for which it is mostly replaced by submersible pump set as well as the motorFloating pump set motorDue to its flexibility of floating .it is perfectly used i n irrigation purpose of pumping water from canals as well as the well it is easily movable and there is a minor possibility of the pump operating dry. Majority of this pump sets give way solo step submerged centrifugal pump. Majority of this type contain DC motor without brush frequently with solar array hold. Like bicycle barrow or handle. Like troll to permit transportSURFACE SUCTION PUMPSSurface suction pumps set is moreover appropriate in short head application because of its export system. It requires presence of operator for the purpose of its security as well as its maintanence.In order to have additional than 8 suction head is not possible . fever ordinary solar power pumps along with PV motorized reciprocating piston pumps or thermo phones as thermal solar pump are present which are not used commercially.SUBMERSIBLE PUMPPump with electronic load controller can be inundate with load controller above the earth or surface. It can be easily installed with lay flat pipe work and motor pump is positioned if make full away from potential harm.MULTISTAGE CENTRIFUGAL PUMPIt can be switched on at low torque. With no electronic controller can be synchronised with the solar array it is not well organised as positive dislocation pumps with low cost electronic load controllers useful for short heads. plectrum of the pumpPhotovoltaic pumps contain their influence rate as well as flow rate in order to design a P.V pump structure .following are the most important factors.Current voltage requirement of the pump.Tallness of the storage reservoir i.e.tank as well as the deepness of the water resource.Mechanical job completed via the pump.Required flow rate.Price of the structure.The following are the points that are measured for additional tangled designTube i.e.pipe line intensity allowness.Temperature of the water.Heat as well as electric loss.Quality of the pump.The above points are not always needed in order to design complicated P.V pumps. It is required to r ealize the principal(prenominal) of water pumping.Following equation is used in order to verify flow rate conversion./h= /dWhere p /h = thousand cub per hour. /d = meter cub per day.Standard equal hour of solar power i.e.sun energy received for each day is equal to the peak sun hours which diversify according to the site and the time of year.( /m), ( /m), (l/m), ( /s) this are the other unite which are used to measure flow rate of pump structure .WhereUsg/m = U.S gal per minute.Lg/m = imperial gallon per minute.L/m = litre per minute.Kg/s = kilogram per second.Understanding the principle of photovoltaic processThe working principal of photovoltaic irrigation system is quite straight forward. A photovoltaic array is the source of electricity for driving a surface motor pump. Which basically pumps out water from well reservoir into a accumulating basin. The P.V array contain 20 modules and each v trough module 50 watt peak is made up of 36 square single silicon solar cells the pum ping subsystem constitute of an MPPT maximum power point tracker and a motor pump. The components of motor pump are DC motor 746 watt unswervingly attached to a surface centrifugal pump.Photovoltaic pumping system efficienciesTotal efficiency of photovoltaic pumping system is defined as the product of efficiencies of the P.V array the pumping sub system .Where= P.V efficiencyIt is the ratio between operating electrical power and the incident radiation on the tilted surface of a photovoltaic module.Where= operating electrical power of the system wG = global radiance on P.V array w/ M = no of modules is parallel in P.V array= pumping sub system efficiencyis defined as the ratio between the output hydraulic power required for lifting a volume of water and the input electrical power of subsystem.WhereQ = water flow ratem = total dynamic head